Leo Tolstoy
Circle of Reading
Translated by Dmitry Fadeyev

June 13

Reason is what differentiates humans from animals.

1

Buddha said that in his contemplations, in his life, in his conversations and in his studies he never forgot what is most important: the demands of reason.

2

The rational and the moral always agree.

3

A conceited fool may spend the whole his whole life with a wise man, but he will know no more of the truth than a spoon can know the taste of the food it carries into the mouth.

— The Dhammapada

4

The fact that we recognize dignity in the very title of “human” compels us to respect a human being’s use of reason. A person must not reproach another for his incoherencies, must not call them nonsense, must not say that they are absurd, but, on the contrary, he must assume that they must be founded on something rational, and he must try to find it. This is followed by additional obligations: to discover the misconceptions that have deceived him and thus, by explaining the reason for his error, to support his trust in his own reason. And indeed, how can we convince a person when we do not recognize him to be in possession of reason? The same applies to accusations of vice. Such reproaches must never reach the point of contempt for the person himself. We must not deny the moral dignity in a person, we must not assume that it is impossible for him to recover his moral character, because such an assumption is contrary to our understanding of the person as a moral being, who can never lose the faculties of good will.

— Kant

5

I cannot make anyone better except by way of the goodness that remains within them. I cannot make anyone smarter except by way of the reason that remains within them.

— Kant

6

The people who try to convince others that reason cannot direct life are those who, having rejected reason, have spoiled their lives and have no desire to change them.


Reason is universal. Interactions between human beings are based on reason. Therefore, the demands of universal reason are obligatory for every human being.